HOME AUTOMATION OVER INTERNET

"Home Automation over internet". Most of the people thought of
controlling home appliances and other things like bulbs tubes and
switches etc using an IR remote or a wired things running from your
computer to your switch board, but what if you are not at home and
suddenly you reminded that you have left something on but you are not
sure and you can't even go back.. so what can you do? Don't worry
friends solution is here. now access your fully automated home from
anywhere in the world that the power of internet... ;-)

So talking about the main thing which you can say the backbone of this
project is the HOME AUTOMATION SERVER this software helps you to
emulate your serial communication over a very famous remote access
utility called TELNET. So basically a telnet server is created at your
host PC. A screen shot of the working software is shown below.


Figure 1: Home Automation Server Software

Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the full system.

We have switches and home appliances that are to be controlled. The embedded hardware
is then connected to your PC via serial communication running at 9600
8-n-1 configuration. The HA server is running on the PC with any
operating system, with PC's IP configured. You can use a DNS server if
you want access all over the internet and if you are using it on LAN
then you can have a fix IP within that domain. So using the telnet
command with the ip address of the server you can connect to the
server.

Figure 3 and 4 shows the schematic diagram for home automation project
as you can see, we are using LEDs to denote bulbs, tubes and Switches.
As per the program, the tubes are connected at P1.0 and P1.1; Bulbs
are connected at P1.2, P1.3 and P1.4; and switched are connected at
P1.5, P1.6 and P1.7. The LCD (16x2 LCD) is connected at P2; and three
switches which are used to read the messages i.e. P3.2 for read
message, P3.3 for next message and P3.4 for Previous Message. Because
of the lack of RAM we can only support maximum of three messages.


Figure 3: Control, Display and PC interface section


Figure 4: Appliance and Power Supply section.

Following are the commands which are used in our project.

COMMAND

DESCRIPTION

stat

To get the status of all the appliances connected to the controller.

tube

To switch ON/OFF the tubes. Selecting any one out of two.

Bulb

To switch ON/OFF the bulbs, selecting any one out of the three bulbs.

swch

To switch ON/OFF the switches connected to the controller, selecting
anyone out of three switches.

msg

To leave a message. Maximum of three messages and each containing
maximum 28 characters.

?

To display help menu.

The source code and the software HA server for the Home Automation
Project can be downloaded from link below. It also contains a help
file which will help guide you how to use the software.
Old Source code with help
HA Server

Changes in the new code!

added dimmness of LED

Schematic updated

LED indicator for new message
download the new code here NEW Source code

This article is borrowed from the ajay bhargav's website

SOURCE: http://www.kmitl.ac.th

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GSM BASED DATA AQUISITION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

GSM Data Acquisition System is based on GSM Cellular Network. In this project we monitor the data in room by sending required data values to selected phone numbers using GSM modem. Data values are like functions of remotely data, environment monitoring (support input DC 0-20MA), fire protection, anti-burglary, as well as intelligent remote control. It is widely used in industry, building, petroleum, rail-way, school...etc.

Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer. Data acquisition systems (abbreviated with the acronym DAS or DAQ) typically convert analog waveforms into digital values for processing. Sensors convert physical parameters to electrical signals. Signal conditioning circuitry to convert sensor signals into a form that can be converted to digital values. Analog-to-digital converters convert conditioned sensor signals to digital values. Main Features of data acquisition systems are Data Monitoring, Fire Protection, Remotely Control Function, and Anti-burglary Function.

GSM Data Acquisition System can monitor the AC/DC voltage remotely. The user can know the exact data (e.g. input voltage is AC 220 V) via SMS; also user can set the voltage alarm point. When the input voltage is higher or lower this point, the system will alarm. It will send SMS, as well as phone call to inform user immediately.

1. AC Voltage input monitoring (Range: 0-500V).

2. Frequency input monitoring for AC signals (50Hz).

3. Temperature Monitoring (Range: -10 to +60).

CONTN............READ MORE>>>>>>>

authors:

Y.VARAPRASAD(Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

P.ANJANEYULU (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

A.THANUJA(Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

N.V.SANTHI KUMAR (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

I sincerely thank authors,the students of "RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG"

for their great support.

my special thanks to v.v.m.m.rao

TO DOWNLOAD FULL PROJECT REPORT CLICK HERE

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DESIGN OF L-BAND SPIRO HELICAL ANTENNA

ABSTRACT

A novel antenna made of a spiral wire wrapped into a larger helical shape is introduced. The geometry of this antenna, which is a doubly helical structure, is fully described by five independent parameters, including two radial dimensions, two pitch angles, and the number of turns. Radiation properties of this antenna are examined both theoretically and experimentally. The Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC-2) is used to obtain simulation results. A large number of cases with different radii, pitch angles, and number of turns are investigated. Results for far-field patterns, gain, axial ratio, and bandwidth are presented. The influence of parameters on radiation properties is examined. Several prototypes of the antenna were constructed and tested using an outdoor antenna range. Measured far-field patterns are presented over a wide range of frequencies. The measured and computed radiation patterns are in good agreement.

The results of this study indicate that the proposed antenna provides circular polarization and high gain over a wide frequency range. For example, when the number of turns is 10, a gain of 11-14 dB, a bore sight axial ratio of less than 3 dB, and a half-power beam width of about 40 degrees are achieved over a 30% bandwidth. The side-lobe level for most cases examined is better than 10 dB below the main beam. A unique advantage of this antenna is its much smaller size compared with a conventional helical antenna made of straight wire shaped into a helix. Having about the same radiation characteristics, including gain, circular polarization, bandwidth, and side-lobe level, this new antenna occupies a volume more than 2.5 to 3 times smaller than the conventional helix. This reduction in size, which in turn may imply smaller weight and lower packaging and manufacturing costs, makes the proposed antenna very appealing to many communications and aerospace applications.

CONTN............READ MORE>>>>>>>

authors:

T.NAGA JYOTHI (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

MD.ROSHAN NAWAZ (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

B.PRAVEEN VENKATESH (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

M.ALEKHYA (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

I sincerely thank authors,the students of "RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG"

for their great support.

my special thanks to v.v.m.m.rao

TO DOWNLOAD FULL PROJECT REPORT CLICK HERE

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MOBILE SHIELD

ABSTRACT

The main objective of the term paper is to protect your mobile phone from unauthorized use or theft using this simple circuit It can generate a loud chirping sound when somebody attempts to take away the mobile handset. The added feature is that the circuit also works as a mobile charger.

Here we consider the operation of monostable and Astable multivibrators to perform our task. The circuit is powered by a step-down transformer X1 with rectifier diodes D1 and D2 and filter capacitance�s. Even the circuit can also be powered by direct dc supply of 12-15V. The circuit uses two NE555 timers, one to perform astable and other to perform monostable operations.

The output of monostable is given to astable. The output frequency of the monostable is adjusted using preset VR1 such that it is slightly less than that of the astable. This makes the circuit standby, when there is no hand capacitance present. When a hand comes near the shield or makes contact with the shield, which introduces hand capacitance in the circuit. As a result, the astable�s frequency changes, which makes the trigger pin of the monostable low and its output oscillates. This produces chirping sound from the buzzer and also makes the LED1 blink. The circuit can also be used as a mobile charger. It provides output of 6V at 180 mA through regulator IC 7806 (IC4) and resistorR5 for charging the mobile phone.

CONTN............READ MORE>>>>>>>

authors:

R.VYSHNAVI (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

G.UDAY (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

A.VIJAY BABU (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

T.KISHORE (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

I sincerely thank authors,the students of "RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG"

for their great support.

my special thanks to v.v.m.m.rao

TO DOWNLOAD FULL PROJECT REPORT CLICK HERE

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AUTOMATED MEDICAL RADIOGRAPH COMPRESSION &DECOMPRESSION

ABSTRACT

Recently, teleradiology, which is one of the most used clinical aspects of telemedicine, has received much attention. Teleradiology attempts to transfer medical images of various modalities, like computerized tomography (CT) scans, magnetic imaging (MRI), ultrasonography (US), and x-rays from one location to another such as in hospitals, imaging centers or a physician�s desk.

Efficient storage and transmission of medical images in telemedicine is of utmost importance however, this efficiency can be hindered due to storage capacity and constraints on bandwidth. Thus, a medical image may require compression before transmission or storage. Ideal image compression systems must yield high quality compressed images with high compression ratio; this can be achieved using wavelet transform based compression. There is a general preference to use wavelet transforms in image compression because the compressed images and be obtained with higher compression ratios and higher PSNR values.

However, the choice of an optimum compression ratio is difficult as it varies depending on the content of the image. In a Principal Component Analysis based neural network was used for image compression. In a neural network quantizer was used to yield a high compression ratio while maintaining high quality images. The proposed method suggests that a trained neural network can learn the non-linear relationship between the intensity (pixel values) of a radiograph, or x-ray, image and its optimum compression ratio.

Once the highest compression ratio is obtained, while maintaining good image quality, the result reduction in radiograph image size, should make the storage and transmission of radiographs more efficient.

CONTN............READ MORE>>>>>>>

authors:

R.VYSHNAVI (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

G.UDAY (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

A.VIJAY BABU (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

T.KISHORE (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

I sincerely thank authors,the students of "RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG"

for their great support.

my special thanks to v.v.m.m.rao

TO DOWNLOAD FULL PROJECT REPORT CLICK HERE

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NOISE REDUCTION USING SHIELDING

ABSTRACT

With the advent of technology a lot of equipment use electromagnetic signals for their operation. The devices intentionally or unintentionally interfere with the operation of other circuits and effect their performance. For the proper functioning of the devices this interference needs to be avoided at least suppressed. With the advent of technology electronic/electrical systems are forced to work in the close proximity. So the effects of EMI are highly influencing the circuit operations.

We studied vigorously about the electromagnetic interference and its nature. Also the methods of suppressing EMI. We laid emphasis on shielding method of suppressing EMI. At high frequency shielding is effective method. The shield must completely enclose the electronics and must have no penetrations such as holes, seams, slots or cables.

In this paper we studied the shielding effectiveness of different metals like Copper, Aluminium, Gold, Lead and Silver, for various thicknesses. The Variation of Shielding Effectiveness with respect to the frequency are plotted and results are presented in the table. The shielding effectiveness is estimated up to 10MHz.

Table 4.1 Relative Conductivity for Metals

S.No.	Metals	Relative conductivity
1.	Aluminium	62
2.	Gold	71
3.	Copper	100
4.	Silver	105
5.	Lead	8
6.	Mercury	2
7.	Zinc	30

Table 4.2 Relative permeability for Metals

S.No	Metals	Relative Permeability
1.	Aluminium	1
2.	Gold	1
3.	Copper	1
4.	Lead	1
5.	Silver	1
6.	Mercury	1
7.	Zinc	1

CONTN............READ MORE>>>>>>>

authors:

CH.SURYA PRABHA (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

G.SRINATH (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

A.L.S DURGA (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

B.SURESH (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

B.JILA (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

I sincerely thank authors,the students of "RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG"

for their great support.

my special thanks to v.v.m.m.rao

TO DOWNLOAD FULL PROJECT REPORT CLICK HERE

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GENERATION OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEYS FROM FACIAL FEATURES

ABSTRACT

The main Objective of the project is to generate a biometric based cryptographic key from facial features. Existing asymmetric encryption algorithms require the storage of the secret private key. Stored keys are often protected by poorly selected user passwords that can either be guessed or obtained through brute force attacks. Combining biometrics with cryptography is seen as a possible solution but any biometric cryptosystem must be able to overcome small variations present between different acquisitions of the same biometric in order to produce consistent keys. A new method which uses entropy based feature extraction process coupled with Reed-Solomon error correcting codes that can generate deterministic bit-sequences from the output of an iterative one-way transform. The technique is evaluated using face data and is shown to reliably produce keys of suitable length for 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).

Communications advancements in recent decades have led to an increased volume of digital data traveling through publicly shared media. This has led to the rapid development of cryptographic techniques such as AES and public some key architecture. Although keys of sufficient length are strong against both brute force and factorization attacks they still suffer from weaknesses due to insecure key protection by user selected passwords. The limitations of passwords are well documented they are simple and can be easily guessed or obtained using social engineering techniques. They are often written down and stored in an insecure location, can be shared between users, and cannot provide a guarantee of non-repudiation. Furthermore, most people tend to use the same password for a wide range of applications and as a result the compromise of one system leads to the compromise of many others. In recent years researchers have turned towards merging biometrics with cryptography as a means to improve overall security by eliminating the need for key storage using passwords. During the last decade biometrics has become commonly used for identifying individuals. The success of its application in user authentication has indicated that many advantages could be gained by incorporating biometrics with cryptography. A biometric is an inherent physical or behavioural characteristic of an individual such as their voice, face, and fingerprint or keystroke dynamics.

Biometrics, in contrast to passwords, cannot be forgotten, are difficult to copy or forge, impossible to share and offer more security then a common eight character password. The principal drawback of a biometric is that it is not precise like a password or cryptographic key. Limitations of acquisition technology and the inherent changes in the biometric (such as pose and expression for faces) and environmental conditions (such as lighting) lead to variations in each sample of the same biometric. For example, although an iris is considered to be the most accurate of biometrics, there can be up to 30% variation between two different images of the same iris. It is the primary challenges of all biometric cryptosystems to overcome this variation whilst harnessing the advantages of biometrics in order to improve the security of encryption keys. Another challenge stems from the permanence of a biometric. Apart from physical damage, fingerprints or iris remain largely unchanged throughout a person�s life. This is a desired property in most applications of biometrics but in cryptography this is a weakness. Cryptographic keys need to be (and they often are) revoked or changed both proactively as a measure to increase security and reactively as response to key compromise. Most proposed schemes ultimately come down to the protection of an existing cryptographic key with biometric information. While the existing key can be changed the biometric used to secure it cannot and this shortcoming is often neglected.

A cryptographic key generation using face biometric was implemented and verified. A method which uses an entropy based feature extraction process coupled with Reed-Solomon error correcting codes that can generate deterministic bit-sequences was implemented. Combining biometrics with cryptography is a possible solution but any biometric cryptosystem must be able to overcome small variations present between different acquisitions of the same biometric in order to produce consistent keys. Hence the biometric key obtained from the face as been combined with the cryptographic key and the look-up table was generated in order to obtain the cryptographic key while decoding. The method is also flexible, the bio-keys used to protect the cryptographic key can be changed and revoked and is a significant feature not possessed by other methods. The method can be modified to protect keys of increasing length by either increasing the size of bio keys through performing more rotations/iterations of the bi spectral transform or by changing the RS encoding scheme used. A standard 128bit AES algorithm is used here and the obtained cryptographic key is verified using that 128bit AES algorithm

CONTN............READ MORE>>>>>>>

authors:

PAVANI (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

S.TILAK (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

VINOD KUMAR (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

KRANTHI KUMAR (Btech RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG.)

I sincerely thank authors,the students of "RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG"

for their great support.

my special thanks to v.v.m.m.rao

TO DOWNLOAD FULL PROJECT REPORT CLICK HERE

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